The active distribution network（ADN） is an effective approach to solve the problems such as the high-penetration of intermittent renewable energy， interaction between grid and charge-discharge facilities， and also the analysis and operation of smart grid. This paper focuses on the definition of ADN and its characteristics. Based on the analysis of current research status， some ADN key technologies are proposed， including the unified planning for ADN， the coordination control based on both distributed autonomy and global optimization， the advanced distribution management system with flexible approach for power flow management， and also multiple objectives for economic evaluation.

The active distribution network（ADN） is an effective approach to solve the problems such as the high-penetration of intermittent renewable energy， interaction between grid and charge-discharge facilities， and also the analysis and operation of smart grid. This paper focuses on the definition of ADN and its characteristics. Based on the analysis of current research status， some ADN key technologies are proposed， including the unified planning for ADN， the coordination control based on both distributed autonomy and global optimization， the advanced distribution management system with flexible approach for power flow management， and also multiple objectives for economic evaluation.

Based on improved immune clonal selection algorithm, a mathematical model for the planning of distribution network with distributed generation is built. During the selection of immune clone the cluster competition operator and the mixed mutation operator are led in to make the immune clonal selection algorithm converging as fast as possible. To deal with the problem that there are a lot of infeasible solutions due to the planning of distribution network, with the help of knowledge of graph theory and search technique a restoring scheme for infeasible solutions is given to restore the detached islands, detached trains and closed loops, thus the non-radial network is changed to radial network. Calculation example validates the feasibility of the proposed method.

Based on improved immune clonal selection algorithm, a mathematical model for the planning of distribution network with distributed generation is built. During the selection of immune clone the cluster competition operator and the mixed mutation operator are led in to make the immune clonal selection algorithm converging as fast as possible. To deal with the problem that there are a lot of infeasible solutions due to the planning of distribution network, with the help of knowledge of graph theory and search technique a restoring scheme for infeasible solutions is given to restore the detached islands, detached trains and closed loops, thus the non-radial network is changed to radial network. Calculation example validates the feasibility of the proposed method.

The increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major problem particularly for large urban areas with insufficient landfill capacities and inefficient waste management systems. Several options associated to the supply chain for implementing a MSW management system are available, however to determine the optimal solution several technical, economic, environmental and social aspects must be considered. Therefore, this paper proposes a mathematical programming model for the optimal planning of the supply chain associated to the MSW management system to maximize the economic benefit while accounting for technical and environmental issues. The optimization model simultaneously selects the processing technologies and their location, the distribution of wastes from cities as well as the distribution of products to markets. The problem was formulated as a multi-objective mixed-integer linear programing problem to maximize the profit of the supply chain and the amount of recycled wastes, where the results are showed through Pareto curves that tradeoff economic and environmental aspects. The proposed approach is applied to a case study for the west-central part of Mexico to consider the integration of MSW from several cities to yield useful products. The results show that an integrated utilization of MSW can provide economic, environmental and social benefits.

合作博弈论中的Aumann-Shapley值方法可公平地将安全成本分摊给联盟中的每个成员。但该文发现，当出现被动越限约束时，由于Aumann-Shapley值的积分初值设置得不合理，导致了分摊结果不合理。为此，提出一种修正Aumann-Shapley值积分初值的方法，并对其合理性进行论述。该方法保证了Aumann-Shapley值求取公式中沿主对角线积分的要求，使安全成本可合理地分摊给各个用户和发电商，以及使用阻塞线路的双边交易。同时，该文使用基于安全域的节点电价表达式，其中计及了输电线路热稳定约束、系统的静态电压稳定约束和暂态稳定约束，使安全成本的分摊能综合考虑电力系统中主要的安全约束。最后利用New England 10机39节点系统展示该方法。

合作博弈论中的Aumann-Shapley值方法可公平地将安全成本分摊给联盟中的每个成员。但该文发现，当出现被动越限约束时，由于Aumann-Shapley值的积分初值设置得不合理，导致了分摊结果不合理。为此，提出一种修正Aumann-Shapley值积分初值的方法，并对其合理性进行论述。该方法保证了Aumann-Shapley值求取公式中沿主对角线积分的要求，使安全成本可合理地分摊给各个用户和发电商，以及使用阻塞线路的双边交易。同时，该文使用基于安全域的节点电价表达式，其中计及了输电线路热稳定约束、系统的静态电压稳定约束和暂态稳定约束，使安全成本的分摊能综合考虑电力系统中主要的安全约束。最后利用New England 10机39节点系统展示该方法。