Abstract: Three-level PWM converters have been widely used in the industrial field especially in the high voltage and high power applications. In practical applications, the parameters of the system may change due to the variation of working environment and temperature, which will deteriorate the control performance. Model predictive control (MPC) has the merits of multivariable control and flexibility to handle various constraints, which receives wide study and attention in the area of three-level converter control. The existing MPC for three-level PWM converters requires many calculations and accurate inductance value to select the optimal voltage vector, which has the problems of huge computation and poor robustness. To solve these problems, an efficient MPC method is proposed in the paper, which greatly reduces the computational burden when selecting the optimal voltage vector. By further introducing the online inductance identification technique, the system robustness is improved. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods in terms of steady-state performance, dynamic response and robustness against parameter variation.