Abstract: Aiming at the poor tracking performance of the traditional observer for permanent magnet synchronous motor position sensorless control with a certain initial error, and the change of electrical parameters in the observer will affect the position estimation error, an improved adaptive superhelix observer position sensorless control strategy is proposed. Firstly, the control rate of the superhelix observer is improved, and a high power term is added to the original low power structure to improve the tracking performance of the observer in a large error range. Secondly, by analyzing the impact of resistance error on position estimation, an adaptive law for resistance estimation is designed to eliminate the impact of resistance changes. Moreover, the position estimation performance of the observer is improved at low speeds. Then, the Lyapunov function of the overall observer scheme is designed and the stability of the proposed observer is proved. Finally, a simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified on an experimental platform.