Abstract: The technology of lithium battery has gradually been matured to be applied in various industries, and its products are widely used in grid energy storage, smart home appliances, communication energy storage, new energy vehicles and other fields. The thermal management technology of lithium batteries is an important guarantee for extending the life of the battery pack and operating safety. The thermal management system of lithium battery plays a crucial role in the safety and stability of the battery. An extensive introduction and elaboration of the existing heat dissipation technology are provided. Firstly, the generation, transfer and distribution of battery heat are summarized. Secondly, the working principles and characteristics of four modes of battery heat dissipation system, such as air cooling, liquid cooling, heat pipe and phase change material, are discussed. Finally, the development direction and feasible technology of battery heat dissipation system are proposed based on the development needs of battery heat dissipation system.