An Overview of the Evolution of the Architectural Ensemble at the Headwork of Dujiangyan in the Modern Era

Drawing upon a meticulous collection of historical data and materials, this paper delineates the architectural evolution of the core components of Dujiangyan, a World Cultural Heritage site, throughout the modern era. This includes the notable structures of Fulong Temple, Erwang Temple, and Anlan Suspension Bridge. Having reached their zenith during the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China period, these three architectural ensembles unfortunately suffered extensive damage from fires, floods, and warfare. In 1935, the Long March of the Red Army through the western part of Sichuan prompted swift action from local authorities, who undertook the urgent reconstruction of Anlan Bridge. Seizing this moment, Guan County initiated its pioneering cultural heritage protection system. Between 1937 and 1938, significant renovation projects for Fulong Temple and Erwang Temple were officially organized and executed, ensuring the preservation and restoration of damaged structures. These, alongside subsequent initiatives, have collectively preserved the landscape and architectural layout of Dujiangyan Headwork to today. This paper traces the inception and progression of these projects, revealing the transformations in the forms, styles, and characteristics of the associated structures. These endeavors represented pioneering governmentorganized initiatives towards large-scale cultural heritage protection during the Republican era, encapsulating the heightened awareness among enlightened individuals in Sichuan towards cultural heritage conservation and marking the nascent stage of Sichuan’s cultural heritage protection endeavors.