Abstract: The Song- and Jin-dynasty brick tombs in Shanghaolao village, Huguan country, Shanxi province, have almost completely preserved their mimicry architecture and decoration, and therefore are of great value to the study of architectural decoration from that time. Based on the authors’ surveying and mapping data, this paper documents the imagery and color of the polychrome painting on architectural members in the main chamber of Shanghaolao tomb M1 (Song); then, the paper compares the (virtually restored) tomb decoration with the painting system recorded in Yingzao fashi; and finally, the paper identifies the characteristic features and techniques of decoration in tomb M1.