“牧”“冶”之辨——《园牧》与《园冶》文化内涵同异性考析

Research on the Difference between Pasturing and Metallurgical Casting: An Analysis of the Cultural Similarity and Difference between Yuan Mu and Yuan Ye

  • 摘要: 以计成接受曹元甫的建议将《园牧》改为《园冶》为切入点,对“牧”与“冶”的字词内涵进行分析,结合《园冶》文本,研究其在造园语境中的含义,探寻二者之间的异同,推测改“牧”为“冶”或有两方面原因:一方面,“牧”与“冶”都遵循自然之道,有变化、人作、创新、法式、修养等义,存在替换的可能性。另一方面,“牧”侧重的是养育生命,偏重自生、无为,遵循生长模式;“冶”关注的是创造器物,偏重造作、有为,遵循生成模式,二者存在差异。然而“冶”所具有的开辟、创新、融合和“吴冶”独特的地域文化特征,使得“冶”得以取代“牧”。曹元甫的卓见与计成的变通促使《园牧》最终改为《园冶》。

     

    Abstract: This paper takes Cao Yuanfu’s suggestion of changing from Yuan Mu to Yuan Ye as a starting point, analyzes the connotations of pasturing and metallurgical casting, and combines the text of Yuan Ye to study their meanings in the context of gardening. It explores the similarities and differences between them, speculates on the reasons for changing pasturing to metallurgical casting: on the one hand, both pasturing and metallurgical casting, following the Tao of nature, contain meanings of change, artificiality, innovation, rules styles, cultivation, etc., with possibilities of change. On the other hand, pasturing focuses on nurturing life, emphasizes natural growth and inaction, and follows a growth pattern; metallurgical casting focuses on creating objects, emphasizing artificiality and creativity, following a generative model. There are essential differences between them, but the pioneering, innovative, integrated, and unique regional cultural characteristics of Wu Ye make it possible to replace pasturing with metallurgical casting. Cao Yuanfu’s outstanding insights and Ji Cheng’s flexible strategies led to the change from Yuan Mu to Yuan Ye.

     

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