Abstract: The painted sculptures at Shuilu’an Temple of Ming dynasty in Lantian, Shaanxi Province, are replete with a diverse array of architectural elements. This paper delves into the architectural types, structures, and intricate details depicted in these sculptures, conducting a comparative analysis that draws upon painted sculptures, architectural relics, and historical literature to elucidate their forms and styles. Given that the sculptors hailed from Shanxi and the vassal princes in Shaanxi Province—the patron of Shuilu’an Temple—had embraced Tibetan Buddhism, the architectural imagery within the painted sculptures manifests a fusion of Shanxi’s regional architectural characteristics and Tibetan stylistic influences. Moreover, it investigates the role of architectural imagery in conveying the Buddhist themes embodied in the Shuilu’an Temple’s painted sculptures, suggesting that this mode of Buddhist artistic expression, which foregrounds architectural representation, should be understood as deriving from the iconographic schema of Pure Land transformation tableaux and as having a deep historical lineage.