卵塔考

The Study of Egg-shaped Stupa

  • 摘要: 卵塔是僧人墓塔的独特类型,具有重要的建筑、宗教和艺术价值。学界对卵塔的判定及其来源主要根据其建筑形态,以及无著道忠在《禅林象器笺》中的记载,缺乏文献与文物的对证。本文在文献梳理的基础上,结合实地调查与发现,对卵塔的起源及其相关问题进行探讨,研究指出:一、卵塔之称最早源于塔身雕刻的石卵,而非普遍认为的塔身形态为卵形;二、无缝塔与卵塔并无直接关系,无缝塔可能并非实指;三、卵塔存在塔身为佛头形和塔身为卵形两种类型。

     

    Abstract: The Egg-shaped stupa represents a distinctive category of monk tomb stupas, implying significant architectural, religious, and artistic merits. The academic community’s assessment of the Egg-shaped stupa and its origins predominantly hinges on its architectural form and the account of Mujaku Dōchū in his “The Object Archive of Zen Forest”, yet lacking documentary substantiation and archaeological findings. Building upon a comprehensive literature review with field investigations and discoveries, this paper delves into the origins and pertinent issues surrounding the egg-shaped stupa, to unveil several key insights. First, the nomenclature of the egg-shaped stupa stems from the stone egg carved onto the stupa’s body, rather than the commonly assumed oval shape of the stupa itself. Second, there exists no direct correlation between the seamless tower and the egg tower, of which the seamless tower possibly has no connection to its literal meaning. Third, there are two variants of eggshaped stupas: one resembling the Buddha’s head, and the other being the true egg-shaped stupa.

     

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