从华阴西岳庙御碑楼之大木构造看清官式做法的地域性表达

Qing Official Architectural Style and Regional Expression of the Wooden Structure in Yubei Pavilion at Xiyue Temple, Huayin City

  • 摘要: 华阴西岳庙御碑楼增建于清乾隆四十二年(1777)的修庙工程,毕沅主持了该次工程并明确要求照宫廷样式修建。本文基于御碑楼及庙内其余历史建筑的实测数据,从营造用尺与斗栱做法、平立剖面关系、翼角做法三方面,将其与北京官式、华阴当地及相关地区做法进行对比,结果表明御碑楼在斗栱用材、构件尺寸及主体梁架构造等方面均遵循或迁就了《工程做法则例》的规定,然而翼角却相对特殊,呈地域做法特点。这一现象反映出不同匠派在屋面转角处难以协调,其根本原因为各匠派早已定形的设计思维和设计习惯使然。

     

    Abstract: The Yubei Pavilion at Xiyue Temple in Huayin City was incorporated as an addition during the renovation project undertaken in the 42nd year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1777). This project was orchestrated by Bi Yuan, who specifically required that the pavilion be built in accordance with official architectural styles. Drawing on the surveying data of the Yubei Pavilion and other historical edifices within the temple, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of its construction techniques. This encompasses aspects such as the unit of measurement, dougong design, the relationship between the plan and elevation, as well as eave - corner techniques, juxtaposing them with official styles prevalent in Beijing, local practices in Huayin, and those in neighboring regions. The findings reveal that the Yubei Pavilion either adhered to or creatively adapted the “Regulations on Engineering Practices” with respect to the bracket style, component sizes, and wooden structural frameworks. Nevertheless, the eave corners of the pavilion display distinctive regional traits. This situation underscores the difficulties encountered by craftsmen from different regional schools when it comes to coordinating the construction of roof corners, primarily attributable to their deeply entrenched design philosophies and practices.

     

/

返回文章
返回