图像建筑:摩西·迈蒙尼德的犹太第二圣殿

Pictorial Architecture: Moses Maimonides’s Architectural Diagrams of the Second Temple

  • 摘要: 建筑绘画是中世纪犹太教徒想象与描绘上古圣殿的重要手段之一。前现代最为系统描绘第二圣殿的图像或许来自犹太哲学家摩西·迈蒙尼德所著《评〈密释纳〉》的手稿。本文论证,该手稿中的建筑绘图展现了一种对第二圣殿的冥思,这种冥思超越碎片化的文字信息,具有空间性与仪式性;同时,绘画也保留了文学想象,尽管这种想象无法与根据图像理论复原的建筑形象完全相容。首先揭示这些图像的多重特性,指出它们无法被简单定义为“写本插图”或“建筑图纸”。其次通过线描临摹和三维数字模型,证明这些图像成功地解决了文学传统中对第二圣殿的几何形式理解偏差的问题。最后进一步探讨这些图像在教诲功能之外的观想功能。体现后者的图像特征包括非线性的比例、不连贯的视线和存在矛盾的空间构成。对第二圣殿建筑绘图的技术性和视觉性的重新检验,将揭示中世纪看似简单的建筑绘画的综合性与复杂性。

     

    Abstract: This paper delves into a productive approach to integrate digital humanities with the art historical examination of medieval manuscript illustrations and early architectural drawings within the Jewish context. It focuses on a particular focus on the line-drawings of the Second Temple found in the Commentary on the Mishneh by the Andalusian Talmudist-philosopher Moses Maimonides. It contends that Maimonides’s architectural diagrams not only enable a spatial and ritual contemplation of the Temple complex, transcending fragmented textual accounts, but also preserve the literary imagination that often falls short in direct architectural reconstruction. Firstly, it reveals the intricate nature of these drawings by highlighting the challenges in categorizing them within modern scholarly frameworks as either “manuscript illustration”or “architectural drawings”. Secondly, facilitated by the utilization of trace copies and digital 3D modeling techniques, the paper demonstrates how these drawings adeptly address the geometrical and compositional challenges inherent in the literary tradition surrounding the Temple, showcasing their unique problem-solving capabilities. Lastly, it further emphasizes the drawings’ contemplative function, extending beyond their instructional purpose, by engaging with their disproportionate representations, incongruent viewpoints, and unresolved spatial elements. This paper urges a technical and visual reassessment of Maimonides’ architectural diagrams in his manuscript, whose depth and intricacies have thus far been underappreciated in traditional scholarly discourse.

     

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