张家口威远台明代“点草架”画样调查

A Ming-dynasty Drawing of Diancaojia at Weiyuantai in Zhangjiakou

  • 摘要: “点草架”或“定侧样”是《梓人传》《营造法式》 等文献中提及的一种特殊的工匠做法,目前所知实物遗存仅有中华民国初期绘制在青海贵德万寿观山门的六幅画样。 2020 年 8 月,天津大学王其亨教授一行在河北张家口市桥东区东榆林村威远台内,发现了一幅明代中期绘制的玉皇阁“点草架”画样。本文概括介绍了图样发现的经过,通过梳理相关文献和调研成果,重点对图像信息进行了识别和分析,初步判定其为明代中期建设威远台台顶的玉皇阁时由工匠绘制,这是目前可见“点草架”或“定侧样”的最早实物。

     

    Abstract: Diancaojia, or dingceyang, is a certain technique of drawing mentioned in historical texts like Zirenzhuan and Yingzao fashi; it visually communicates how a building should be constructed. In the past, we had only six such technical drawings from the early Republican era found inside the entrance gate to Wanshouguan in Guide, Qinghai. But in August 2020, professor Wang Qiheng of Tianjin University discovered another drawing at Weiyuantai in Dongyulin village, Qiaodong district of Zhangjiakou, Hebei province. The drawing depicts Yuhuang Pavilion and may have been drawn in the mid-Ming period. This paper outlines the process of discovery and recovery research. A comparison with the related literature made it possible to identify and analyze the pictorial information contained in the seventh diancaojia drawing and to determine its approximate date of production, i.e. during the mid-Ming construction of Yuhuang Pavilion on top of Weiyuantai. This then makes that drawing the earliest physical evidence of the diancaojia technique that has survived until present.

     

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