Research on Dynamic Modeling and Control of Hydrogen Supply Subsystem for Fuel Cells Based on Fuzzy ADRC

The hydrogen supply system in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs) exhibits pronounced nonlinear and dynamic characteristics under transient operating conditions. Anode pressure fluctuations caused by external disturbances can significantly impact stack performance and overall system efficiency. To address issues such as response lag, hysteresis effects, and nitrogen crossover, a multivariable coupled dynamic model of the hydrogen supply system is developed. A fuzzy self-tuning active disturbance rejection control(Fuzzy-ADRC) strategy is proposed, integrating fuzzy logic control(FLC) with active disturbance rejection control(ADRC), and a coordinated pressure-flow control architecture is established. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy limits the peak anode-side nitrogen purge pressure fluctuation to 1.08 kPa, achieves a maximum load-transition response time of 5.4 s, and restricts pressure overshoot to 10.65 kPa. Compared to conventional feedforward PID control, the Fuzzy-ADRC reduces nitrogen purge pressure fluctuation, dynamic response time, and pressure overshoot by 50.68%, 19.88%, and 25.05%, respectively. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in mitigating the impact of external disturbances on pressure fluctuations and provide theoretical and engineering guidance for the coordinated control design of PEMFC hydrogen supply systems.