Optimal Configuration of Hydrogen Storage System for New Energy Station Clusters Based on Asymmetric Nash Bargaining Allocation

The hydrogen production system is a powerful means to promote the large-scale consumption of new energy, but its high investment cost has become the main obstacle to its widespread application. The issue of a cluster of new energy stations jointly investing in hydrogen storage facilities through a cooperative model to supply hydrogen energy to ammonia production plants is studied, aiming to increase the renewable energy consumption rate of each station and achieve stable hydrogen energy supply. First, the hydrogen demand characteristics of the ammonia plant is analyzed and a hydrogen demand model for the plant is established. Then, a two-stage stochastic programming model is developed to determine the optimal capacity configuration and operation strategy for the hydrogen storage system. An asymmetric Nash bargaining-based benefit allocation mechanism is proposed to reasonably share the cooperative investment costs and fairly distribute the operational profits, ensuring the stability and sustainability of the joint investment plan. The simulation results for a typical cluster of new energy plants indicate that the proposed cooperative game-based optimization method can increase the total revenue of the cluster by 15%, while also effectively enhancing the overall revenue of each individual plant. Furthermore, when considering the hydrogen demand characteristics of the ammonia production plant, the overall demand of the hydrogen production and storage system can be further reduced by approximately 10%.