Abstract: Electric vehicles have been vigorously developed and promoted in the past decade, but the range has been limiting the further development of electric vehicles. The fast charging technology of on-board energy storage system is an effective and easy-to-implement way to alleviate the short range of electric vehicles as well as to improve the safety of the whole vehicle at the present stage, and the current fast charging technology of electric vehicles includes empirical charging strategy based on experience and optimization-based charging strategy. Firstly the advantages and shortcomings of the various traditional charging methods are summarized, and then according to the application scenarios of the optimization objective, the different optimization objectives for the application of fast charging strategies are summarized. In addition, the influence of electrode materials, electrolyte and electrode/ electrolyte interface(EEI) inside the battery on the fast charging performance is summarized, and the improvement measures of different materials are summarized, and the future development direction of this field is prospected.