Abstract: The electrochemical energy storage system is an important grasp to realize the goal of double carbon. Safety is the lifeline of the development of electrochemical energy storage system. Since a large number of batteries are stored in the energy storage battery cabinet, the research on their heat dissipation performance is of great significance. For the lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery system cabinet: A numerical model of the battery system is constructed and the temperature field and airflow organization in the battery cabinet are obtained, the experimental results verify the rationality of the model; The influences of inlet velocity, single battery spacing and battery pack spacing on the heat dissipation performance of the battery cabinet are studied, the results can support the design, operation and management of the energy storage cabinet; The results show that the battery cabinet can be cooled by natural convection under low-rate operation, and forced air cooling is required under high-rate operation; the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the cabinet show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the battery spacing; the battery pack spacing does not have a significant impact on the heat dissipation performance of the battery cabinet, so the installation space can be saved by reducing the battery pack spacing.