Abstract: It can provide necessary reference for the prevention and control of single-phase arc fault to grasp the transient characteristics and key influencing factors of intermittent arc ground fault accurately. Therefore, based on the Cassie-Mayr arc model, the whole arc model of single-phase grounding fault is constructed in order to objectively reproduce the arc grounding process. Secondly, considering the influence of six factors, including the initial phase angle of power supply, fault time, fault point location, fault type, fault phase, etc., all possible values and combinations of all factors are traversed, and the arc grounding temporary under different working conditions is studied. Finally, taking a 10 kV distribution network in Xinjiang as an example, the ADPSS simulation model is constructed to simulate the arc grounding process under all practical possible working conditions, analyze the transient characteristics of the over-voltage, establish the correlation model between the influencing factors and the arc grounding over-voltage, quantify and compare the effect degree of each influencing factor, and find the key points of fault location, fault type and fault phase influencing factors. The research results can provide basis for the control of arc grounding over-voltage fault.