Abstract: Electric propulsion motors, as the core power components of electric aircraft, have become a research hotspot in the aviation field today. Different power layouts and driving methods provide diverse approaches for the research on electric propulsion motors. Domestic and foreign institutions have explored the power density of motors with different structures which is the core indicator of electric propulsion motors. In order to systematically review the current situation of enterprise products and university research, and summarize the key parameters such as power, torque, speed, weight and power density of typical products, electric propulsion motors are classified and elaborated in terms of their topological structures according to traditional structure permanent magnet motors, special structure motors and superconducting motors with a focus on technical characteristics and performance differences. Based on this, the key technologies of electric propulsion motors are summarized, corresponding solutions are proposed for high power density technology, high reliability technology and bearing protection technology, and the development direction for improving key technical indicators of electric propulsion motors in the future is given according to the current development, providing a reference for the product selection and technological research of electric propulsion motors.