大电流双极串联型爆炸开关技术研究

Research on High-current Bipolar Series Pyro-breaker Technology

  • 摘要: 失超保护系统是保障聚变装置安全运行的核心技术之一, 要求具备极高的可靠性。爆炸开关同时具备快速响应和固有可靠性,被普遍作为大型超导磁体失超时的后备保护开关。由于磁体提出了可达15 kV的退磁电压需求,传统爆炸开关的结构无法达到该绝缘水平,因此提出一种新型双极串联型爆炸开关技术,来提高开关的弧后绝缘能力。介绍双极串联爆炸开关的结构和工作原理,分析隔离触头和电弧触头的断裂机理,并进行断裂过程的数值仿真。最后通过实验对样机进行了60 kA电流开断测试,证明该开关能够实现15 kV下的快速分断电流。本研究为更高电压等级下的大电流爆炸开关设计提供了坚实的理论依据与实验指导。

     

    Abstract: The quench protection system is one of the core technologies ensuring the safe operation of fusion devices, requiring extremely high reliability. The pyro-breaker, which simultaneously offers rapid response and inherent reliability, is widely used as the backup protection switch for large superconducting magnets during quenching. Due to the requirement for a demagnetization voltage of up to 15 kV, the structure of traditional pyro-breakers cannot meet the insulation level. A novel bipolar series pyro-breaker technology is proposed, which enhances the post-arc insulation capability of the switch. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the bipolar series pyro-breaker are introduced. The rupture mechanisms of the isolation contact and the arc contact are analyzed, and the rupture process is simulated. Finally, experimental tests on the prototype are conducted with a 60 kA current breaking test, proving that the switch can quickly interrupt the current under 15 kV. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation and experimental guidance for the design of large current pyro-breakers at higher voltage levels.

     

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