Abstract: To enhance the speed control stability of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, particularly the speed fluctuation suppression ability at high speed, an adaptive backstepping speed control strategy based on FSMO-SOGI is proposed. Initially, leveraging the Lyapunov stability theorem, an adaptive backstepping speed controller is formulated. This controller adeptly estimates uncertain parameters, such as actuator mass, friction coefficient, and load disturbance, thereby facilitating global asymptotically stable speed tracking control within the system. Subsequently, to realize closed-loop speed control, a sensorless control method is proposed, combining a full-order sliding mode observer(FSMO) with a second-order generalized integral filter(SOGI). The FSMO, rooted in current and back electromotive force models, enhances the accuracy of back electromotive force observation, while the SOGI effectively filters harmonic components of the back electromotive force. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in achieving precise identification of motor rotor speed and enhancing the quality of speed control of the hybrid linear stepper motor.