辐向永磁容错伺服电机的齿槽转矩抑制方法

Cogging Torque Suppression Method for Spoke-type Permanent-magnet Fault-tolerant Servo Motors

  • 摘要: 辐向永磁电机的齿槽转矩会增大电机的转矩脉动,从而影响辐向永磁容错伺服电机的可靠运行和整个控制系统的控制精度。为了减小电机的齿槽转矩,提高电机的控制精度,首先,基于能量法分析齿槽转矩与槽极组合之间的关系以及齿槽转矩产生的原理,进而讨论定子开辅助槽、转子开辅助槽两种方法对永磁电机齿槽转矩的影响。结果表明,在倒“T”形辐向永磁体两端增加不规则辅助槽有助于将齿槽转矩降至最低。主要原因是增加辅助槽可以改变转子磁通路径的方向,根据磁通路径可以选择合适的辅助槽。此外,它还能增大气隙磁密的基波幅值,减小其谐波分量,从而改善电机性能,所提电机的齿槽转矩为4.1 mN·m、转矩脉动为0.16%。齿槽转矩和转矩脉动达到了最优,满足伺服电机精度高和稳定性要求。最后,制造并测试转子上带有不规则辅助槽的24槽/22极样机,相应的试验验证了所提方法的有效性。

     

    Abstract: The cogging torque of a spoke-type permanent magnet(PM) motor increases the torque ripple of the motor, which affects the reliable operation of the spoke-type PM fault-tolerant servo motor and the control accuracy of the whole control system. To decrease the cogging torque and improve the control accuracy of the motor, firstly, the relationship between cogging torque and slot-pole combination, as well as the principle of cogging torque generation, are analyzed based on the energy method. Then, the effects of the two methods of opening auxiliary slots in the stator and opening auxiliary slots in the rotor on the cogging torque of PM motors are discussed. The results show that adding irregular auxiliary slots at both ends of the spoke PMs helps to minimize the cogging torque. The main reason is that adding auxiliary slots can change the direction of the rotor flux path, and the appropriate auxiliary slots can be selected according to the flux path. In addition, it increases the fundamental amplitude and decreases the harmonic component of the air-gap density, thus improving motor performance. The cogging torque of the proposed motor is 4.1 mN·m and the torque ripple is 0.16%. Cogging torque and torque ripple are optimized to meet the high precision and stability requirements of servo motors. Finally, a 24-slot/22-pole prototype motor with irregular auxiliary slots on the rotor is fabricated and tested, and the corresponding experiments verify the proposed method’s effectiveness.

     

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