Abstract: The volatility and intermittency of wind power generation are recognized as significant challenges to grid stability. As an emerging large-scale long-duration energy storage technology, the heat pump energy storage system, centered around thermal storage, is utilized to efficiently store and release energy through thermal-electric conversion, accommodating fluctuations in wind power demand. Based on the principles of the Brayton cycle, a dynamic simulation model for the energy storage process of the heat pump energy storage system, applied to wind power grid integration, is constructed using the Simulink/Simscape simulation platform. The impact of different control strategies, with a focus on speed control, on the dynamic response capabilities of the heat pump energy storage system is analyzed. Additionally, a grid integration control strategy for the heat pump energy storage system is proposed, and the system’s dynamic response characteristics and regulation ability under wind power input fluctuations during the grid integration process are investigated. Results indicate that a heat pump energy storage system with a net power consumption of 10 MW, when controlled by a closed-loop strategy, is characterized by a shorter response time, with the input power regulation depth exceeding 80%. Grid-connected power is maintained by the heat pump energy storage system at 5 MW, with fluctuations kept below 1%, and the standard deviation of the residual between net power consumption and input power is recorded at 2.5 W. A closed-loop control strategy for the heat pump energy storage system, based on the Brayton cycle principle, is innovatively proposed, and a dynamic simulation model is established to verify the system’s excellent dynamic response characteristics in wind power grid integration. Theoretical support is provided for its practical application in mitigating power fluctuations during wind power grid connection.