Abstract: With the development of clean energy, the penetration rate of photovoltaic power generation in the new energy power system is increasing day by day. Accurate photovoltaic power prediction technology is very important for the optimal scheduling of power system. However, in recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather has seriously affected photovoltaic power generation, which has increased the difficulty of predicting the power generation of photovoltaic systems, thus threatening the stable operation of the grid. Aiming at the prediction methods of photovoltaic power generation under extreme climate conditions, firstly the influence of extreme climate on photovoltaic power generation is discussed from three aspects: dust, rainstorm and snowfall, including its action mechanism and optimization methods. Secondly, the photovoltaic power prediction methods are classified and comprehensively discussed under the climate conditions of dust, rainstorm and snowfall in existing studies and their advantages and disadvantages, the evaluation indexes of photovoltaic power prediction accuracy that are commonly used at present are summarized, and the meaning and scope of application of evaluation indexes are expounded. Finally, based on the current situation of PV power forecasting technology in China, the future development direction of PV power forecasting technology under extreme climate conditions is forecasted.