基于区块链的光伏配电网去中心化电能交易机制*

Decentralized Trading Mechanism in Photovoltaic Distribution Network Based on Blockchain

  • 摘要: 建立合理、有效的配电网电力市场交易机制来激励电力用户参与需求响应,促进分布式可再生能源就地消纳,是实现配电网运营多方共赢、经济环保的重要途径。基于区块链的分布式存储和智能合约技术,提出一种配电网分布式主体参与的去中心化电能交易机制。为促进光伏就地消纳,设计了光伏内部电价模型以引导柔性负荷响应市场需求用电;在交易过程中引入信誉值模型对违约行为进行惩罚,激励光伏用户守信并保障购电用户权益。以光伏用户收益最大和柔性负荷购电成本最小为目标建立智能合约模型,购售电双方通过协商电价并制定合理的需求响应策略最终达成交易共识。最后对所提模型进行验证分析,结果表明该交易机制可有效均衡交易主体的利益,促进光伏就地消纳利用;同时可减缓配电网内功率波动,有利于系统安全灵活运行。

     

    Abstract: Establishing a reasonable and effective power market trading mechanism, which encourages power users to take part in demand response and promote the local consumption of distributed renewable energy, is a significant way to achieve multi-party win-win, economic, and environmental protection in the operation of the distribution network. Based on the distributed storage and smart contract technology of blockchain, an electric energy trading transaction mechanism in the distribution network is proposed. To promote the local consumption of photovoltaics, a photovoltaic internal electricity price model is designed to guide flexible loads in response to market demand for electricity. And the credit value model is introduced to punish breaches of contracts during the trading process, supervising photovoltaics users to keep their promises and protect the rights and interests of power users. Moreover, a smart contract model is established to maximize the benefits of photovoltaic users and minimize the cost of purchasing electricity for flexible loads. Both parties of buyers and sellers negotiate electricity prices and formulate reasonable demand response strategies to reach a consensus on the transaction. Finally, the proposed model is verified and analyzed, and the results show that the trading mechanism can effectively balance the interests of the trading subject and promote the local consumption and utilization of photovoltaic. Meantime, it also can reduce power fluctuations in the distribution network, which is conducive to the safe and flexible operation of the system.

     

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