Abstract: The excellent performance of lithium-ion batteries makes them widely used, and it is also one of the core components of electrochemical energy storage power stations. However, accidents such as fires and explosions of energy storage power stations not only bring great economic losses to enterprises, but also have great impact on the development of the entire industry. Therefore, the safety of energy storage power stations cannot be ignored. The mechanism of lithium-ion battery thermal runaway and fire, and focuses on summarizing the runaway and fire early warning technology, such as current domestic and foreign research on battery surface defect detection, voltage, current-ultrasonic early warning system, sound early warning system and gas-acoustic signal early warning system fusion are expounded. The common technical means and advantages and disadvantages of existing lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing are also studied. On this basis, a fire early warning and fire control technology suitable for lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations is proposed, which can effectively improve the safety protection level of energy storage systems, reduce the probability of fire occurrence and property damage after fire occurrence.