Abstract: With the proposal of the “Dual-Carbon Goal” and the continuous growth of demand for energy conservation and emission reduction, heavy-duty vehicles represented by commercial vehicles and military vehicles are also gradually moving towards electrification. However, lithium batteries and diesel generators, which are widely used in conventional vehicles, generally have problems such as low energy density and poor power supply quality, which cannot meet the long-range, high-mobility, and low-noise requirements of the new generation of heavy-duty vehicles. Micro gas turbine systems have received extensive attention and rapid development due to their multi-fuel adaptation, low fuel consumption, low noise, low emissions, and low vibration, and have been successfully applied in many civil and military electrified transportation fields. Focusing on the background of transportation electrification, this paper introduces the important position of micro gas turbine technology in electrified transportation, and focuses on summarizing the power conversion topology and control technology in micro gas turbines. The challenges and urgent problems to be solved are pointed out, and the effects, advantages and disadvantages of the existing electric energy conversion solutions for micro gas turbine applications are pointed out, and the future development direction is summarized and prospected.