Abstract: The risk of battery internal short circuit is an important factor in evaluating the safety characteristics of batteries. Through the experimental study of four typical lithium titanate power batteries under two different charge states, the risk characteristics of lithium titanate power batteries in the needling internal short circuit scenario are analyzed, and the reaction mechanism and influencing factors are studied by combining material characterization and P2D model simulation analysis. The results of the study indicate that the lower conductivity of the negative material can effectively reduce the current density during the short-circuit process between the negative material and the positive collector, which reduces the risk of the internal short-circuit and makes the lithium titanate battery have a strong resistance to needling abuse. In the overcharge state needling, there are three risk states, which including complete thermal runaway, partial thermal runaway and no thermal runaway. The battery reaction intensity is affected by the battery packaging form and separator type, and it is proved that the battery reaction intensity is negatively correlated with the amount of separator ceramic coating. The research results provide a reference for improving the safety design of internal short circuit of the lithium-ion battery.